Tiré du communiqué de presse de la Commission Européenne :

"The ESAs are the European Banking Authority ("EBA"), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority ("EIOPA") and the European Securities and Markets Authority ("ESMA"). They contribute to developing a unified set of rules for EU financial markets, including in the area of anti-money-laundering. They also help to foster supervisory convergence among supervisory authorities, enhance consumer and investor protection as well as contributing to the fight against financial crime. The ESAs play a key role in ensuring that the financial markets across the entire EU are well regulated and supervised.

In particular the ESAs contribute to :

  - improving the functioning of the single market for financial services, underpinned by sound, effective and consistent regulation and supervision;
 - ensuring the integrity, transparency, efficiency and orderly functioning of financial markets;
 - making anti-money laundering supervision more effective;
 - strengthening supervisory coordination;
 - preventing regulatory arbitrage and promoting equal conditions of competition;
 - ensuring that risks in their respective sectors are appropriately regulated and supervised; and
 - enhancing customer and investor protection."

Au nombre des réformes :

- l'octroi de pouvoirs importants à l'EBA en matière de lutte anti-blanchiment :

"The amended Regulation will :

- ensure that breaches of anti-money laundering rules are consistently investigated: the EBA will be able to request national anti-money laundering supervisors to investigate potential material breaches and to request them to consider targeted actions - such as sanctions;
- provide that the national anti-money laundering supervisors comply with EU rules and cooperate properly with prudential supervisors. The EBA's existing powers will be reinforced so that, as a last resort if national authorities do not act, the EBA will be able to address decisions directly to individual financial sector operators;
- enhance the quality of supervision through common standards, periodic reviews of national supervisory authorities and risk-assessments;
- enable the collection of information on anti-money laundering risks and trends and fostering exchange of such information between national supervisory authorities (so-called data hubs);
- facilitate cooperation with non-EU countries on cross-border cases;
- establish a new permanent committee that brings together national anti-money laundering supervisory authorities;
- ensure that the EBA will have enough resources to carry out these new tasks."

S'agissant de la convergence des pratiques des autres autorités :

"The agreement equips the three ESAs with new and improved instruments to foster convergence in the way the European financial sector is supervised. The convergence efforts of all ESAs will particularly profit from the following elements of the agreed rules:
In the future, the assessment of the work of national supervisors (the so-called "peer reviews") will be headed and carried out by ESA staff and representatives of competent authorities. More transparency has been introduced through reporting requirements.
The coordination groups of the ESAs and competent authorities, currently voluntary, will be institutionalised to work on concrete cases. Once a group is established upon request of at least by 5 Board of Supervisor members, all national supervisors have to attend and to contribute.
A more pan-European supervisory view will be developed by enabling the ESAs to define up to 2 supervisory topics all national supervisors should focus in their respective work programmes.
In addition, EIOPA will be entrusted with more specific tools for fostering supervisory convergence in the field of insurance:
The possibility for EIOPA to assist national supervisors in the use and authorisation of internal models will help to achieve more convergent outcomes. Internal models are used by insurance companies to calculate requirements on solvency capital. Despite ongoing efforts, there are currently still major inconsistencies across the EU.
With the introduction of so-called collaboration platforms and improved information exchange between the different supervisors of insurance firms operating cross-border, EIOPA will also be able to promote convergent supervisory practices within the Single Market and assist competent authorities to protect insurance policy holders in cross-border disputes."

S'agissant plus précisément de l'ESMA :

".. the agreement extends ESMA's direct supervision to some specific areas of capital markets. In particular, ESMA will directly supervise specific sectors which are highly integrated, have important cross-border activities and which are, in most cases, regulated by directly-applicable EU law.

Market Abuse

ESMA will have a greater coordinating role in market abuse cases. Where certain orders, transactions or behaviours give rise to suspicions of market abuses and have cross-border implications for the integrity of financial markets or financial stability in the EU, ESMA will be able to issue an opinion on the appropriate follow-up. These new powers are in line with ESMA's mandate to ensure the orderly functioning of markets and financial stability.

EU critical benchmarks

These are indices or indicators used to price financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of an investment fund. ESMA will authorise and supervise administrators of benchmarks that are deemed to be critical (such as EURIBOR and EONIA) at EU level and will also recognise non-EU administrators of benchmarks used in the EU."

Data reporting service providers (‘DRSPs')

Data reporting service providers enable the reporting of transactions in financial instruments to regulators and to the public. Centralising the authorisation and supervision of these operators  with ESMA (except for those providers that benefit from a derogation for a lack of an EU-footprint) will reduce fragmentation and costs and should ensure the same quality and reliability of data across the EU."

A relever que le BaFIN s'est exprimé de façon critique au sujet de la réforme qui était envisagée :

"Die ESAs bräuchten nur sehr wenige neue Kompetenzen, erläuterte er. Wer sie stärken wolle, „sollte vor allem dafür sorgen, dass sie die weitreichenden Kompetenzen, die sie heute bereits haben, besser nutzen können“.
Das Europäische System der Finanzaufsicht, zu dem die ESAs zählen, ist 2010 bewusst als Netz aus nationalen und europäischen Aufsichtsbehörden geschaffen worden.
Hufeld sprach sich dagegen aus, die ESAs zu Aufsehern der nationalen Aufseher zu machen. Dafür gebe es keinen sachlichen Grund. Der Members-driven-Charakter der ESAs habe sich bewährt. (Rapport annuel 2018, p. 22)"
 

En traduction libre :

"Les AES ont besoin de très peu de nouvelles compétences, a-t-il expliqué. Ceux qui veulent les renforcer "doivent avant tout veiller à ce qu'elles puissent mieux utiliser les compétences étendues qu'elles possèdent déjà aujourd'hui".

Le Système européen de surveillance financière, auquel appartiennent les AES, a été délibérément créé en 2010 en tant que réseau d'autorités de surveillance nationales et européennes.

M. Hufeld s'est prononcé contre l'idée de faire des AES les autorités de surveillance des autorités nationales de surveillance. Il n'y a pas de raison objective à cela. Le caractère axé sur les membres des AES a fait ses preuves."

Finalement, l'accord politique intervenu "maintient le principe selon lequel les décisions doivent être prises par le conseil des autorités de surveillance et confère aux autorités nationales compétentes un rôle essentiel dans la structure de gouvernance des AES. "

Aucun Conseil exécutif, doté de membres indépendants n'a été institué ce qui permet aux Etats membres de maintenir le contrôle sur les AES.