Une innovation intelligente en matière de lutte anti-blanchiment : le super-sar
Les banques au Royaume-Uni peuvent échanger des informations entre elles pour améliorer la qualité des communications qu'elles effectuent à la National Crime Agency (équivalent du MROS). Ce partage d'informations peut sensiblement améliorer la qualité des communications effectuées, qui est un problème majeur en Suisse aggravé par la multiplication des communications, causé par la volonté d'échapper à des poursuites pénales pour violation de l'art. 37 LBA.
Les dispositions pertinentes se trouvent dans le Criminal Finances Act 2017 que l'on reproduit ci-dessous et qui sont très claires :
"(1) A person (A) may disclose information to one or more other persons if conditions 1 to 4 are met.
(2) Condition 1 is that—
(a) A is carrying on a business in the regulated sector as a relevant undertaking,
(b) the information on which the disclosure is based came to A in the course of carrying on that business, and
(c) the person to whom the information is to be disclosed (or each of them, where the disclosure is to more than one person) is also carrying on a business in the regulated sector as a relevant undertaking (whether or not of the same kind as A).
(3) Condition 2 is that—
(a) an NCA authorised officer has requested A to make the disclosure, or
(b) the person to whom the information is to be disclosed (or at least one of them, where the disclosure is to more than one person) has requested A to do so.
(4) Condition 3 is that, before A makes the disclosure, the required notification has been made to an NCA authorised officer (see section 339ZC(3) to (5)).
(5) Condition 4 is that A is satisfied that the disclosure of the information will or may assist in determining any matter in connection with a suspicion that a person is engaged in money laundering.
(6) A person may disclose information to A for the purposes of making a disclosure request if, and to the extent that, the person has reason to believe that A has in A’s possession information that will or may assist in determining any matter in connection with a suspicion that a person is engaged in money laundering."
L'échange d'informations a lieu sous la surveillance de la NCA.
Les établissements qui ont échangé des informations peuvent ensuite faire une communication commune à la NCA : un Super-SAR.